2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
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6. Describe the general structure of an atom.
An atom consists of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons arranged in shells.
7. What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons.
8. Where are electrons located in an atom?
In shells surrounding the central nucleus.
9. State the relative charge of a proton, a neutron, and an electron.
A proton has a charge of +1, a neutron has a charge of 0 (neutral), and an electron has a charge of -1.
10. State the relative mass of a proton, a neutron, and an electron.
A proton has a mass of 1, a neutron has a mass of 1, and an electron has a mass that is negligible (approx. 1/1840).
11. Define the term "proton number" (also known as atomic number).
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
12. Define the term "mass number" (also known as nucleon number).
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
13. What is the electronic configuration of an atom with a proton number of 13?
2, 8, 3.
14. What is unique about the electronic configuration of Group VIII noble gases?
They have a full outer electron shell.
15. For elements in Groups I to VII, what is the relationship between the group number and the electronic configuration?
The number of outer shell electrons is equal to the group number.
16. How is the period number of an element related to its electron shells?
The number of occupied electron shells is equal to the period number.