2.4 Ions and ionic bonds
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20. How is a positive ion (cation) formed?
By an atom losing one or more electrons.
21. How is a negative ion (anion) formed?
By an atom gaining one or more electrons.
22. Define an "ionic bond."
A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
23. Describe the typical melting and boiling points of ionic compounds.
They have high melting points and high boiling points.
24. Explain why ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten but not when solid.
In the solid state, ions are fixed in a lattice and cannot move; when molten or in solution, the ions are free to move and carry the electric charge.